Influence of Headland Breakwaters on Morphological Processes at Longfengtou Beach in Haitan Bay,Facing the Taiwan Strait     

Cuiping Kuang  Yue Ma  Binyu Wang  Jueyi Sui  Jie Gu  Jianhui Liu  Gang Lei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(6):1290-1300

Breakwaters can be used as artificial headlands in beach nourishment to mitigate coastal erosion. Longfengtou Beach, located on the southwest coast of Haitan Bay facing the Taiwan Strait on the northeast, suffers severe erosion, where the monsoon causes significant season hydrodynamic variations. Headland breakwaters are intended to be employed to mitigate coastal erosion. A 2D sediment transport model is established using MIKE21 based on current-wave coupling and calibrated by measured data. Summer and winter wave conditions are chosen as characteristic weak and strong waves respectively. The numerical results of suspended sediment concentration and seasonal morphological evolution are compared under the conditions with and without the headland breakwaters. Sediment transport in summer can be regarded as mainly determined by current field, while in winter wave effect is strong enough to change current field. The northern breakwater, nearly perpendicular to the ebb current direction, obstructs the currents and decreases velocity of the ebb currents, and confines the water carrying sediments within the protection area during the flood period. The southern breakwater also breaks the waves in advance and significantly reduces the hydrodynamic effects during the flood period and maintains high suspended sediment concentration in the protection area. In general, two headland breakwaters decrease the erosion near the beach and enlarge the deposition area, which play a significant role in prevention of sediment loss in nearshore area and mitigate coastal erosion.  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional shakedown solutions for anisotropic cohesive‐frictional materials under moving surface loads     

Juan Wang  Hai‐Sui Yu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(4):331-348

Previous work on three‐dimensional shakedown analysis of cohesive‐frictional materials under moving surface loads has been entirely for isotropic materials. As a result, the effects of anisotropy, both elastic and plastic, of soil and pavement materials are ignored. This paper will, for the first time, develop three‐dimensional shakedown solutions to allow for the variation of elastic and plastic material properties with direction. Melan's lower‐bound shakedown theorem is used to derive shakedown solutions. In particular, a generalised, anisotropic Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion and cross‐anisotropic elastic stress fields are utilised to develop anisotropic shakedown solutions. It is found that shakedown solutions for anisotropic materials are dominated by Young's modulus ratio for the cases of subsurface failure and by shear modulus ratio for the cases of surface failure. Plastic anisotropy is mainly controlled by material cohesion ratio, the rise of which increases the shakedown limit until a maximum value is reached. The anisotropic shakedown limit varies with frictional coefficient, and the peak value may not occur for the case of normal loading only. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于形态学特征和DNA条形码对中国沿海银口天竺鲷属(Jaydia)分类研究     

罗植森  易木荣  刘思杓  邱康文  谷穗  颜云榕 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1246-1256

本研究针对中国沿海银口天竺鲷属鱼类分类鉴定不清晰，同种异名多，种类误鉴等分类问题，结合形态特征比较与DNA条形码技术对其分类鉴定问题进行梳理。2014—2019年间于南海北部沿海采集101尾银口天竺鲷属鱼类标本，经形态学特征鉴定为：横带银口天竺鲷Jaydia striata（Smith&Radcliffe，1912），特征为体侧有7—11褐色宽横带，腹鳍、臀鳍浅灰色；印度洋银口天竺鲷J.striatodes（Gon，1997），特征为体侧有7—11褐色宽横带，臀鳍后缘黑色；白边银口天竺鲷J.novaeguineae（Valenciennes，1832），特征为臀鳍、尾鳍最下缘为白边；黑边银口天竺鲷J.truncata（Bleeker，1855）特征为第二背鳍、臀鳍中部有一平行基底的黑色带，尾鳍后缘黑色带略宽；史密斯银口天竺鲷J.smithi Kotthaus，1970，特征为第二背鳍中部有一平行基底的黑色纵带，尾鳍后缘黑色带略细；斑鳍银口天竺鲷J.carinatus （Cuvier，1828），特征为第二背鳍最末软条基底有一大黑斑；黑鳃银口天竺鲷J.poeciloptera （Cuvier，1828），特征为臀鳍淡黄色，鳍膜间有一暗点。研究发现Apogon arafurae并不是J.truncata同种异名，学名应更正为Jaydia poeciloptera。基于线粒体COI基因K2P遗传距离显示，J.striata、J.smithi、J.truncata种内遗传距离大于2%。构建NJ系统发育树发现红海、阿拉伯海和北部湾的J.smithi分成2个单系支。结合NJ树分析发现，J.smithi和J.poeciloptera均出现错误鉴定，认为GenBank上传的序列（MH085808、JQ681491）存在误鉴，实为J.poeciloptera。  相似文献   

Estimating satellite phase fractional cycle biases based on Kalman filter     

Guorui Xiao  Lifen Sui  Bernhard Heck  Tian Zeng  Yuan Tian 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(3):82

Phase fractional cycle biases (FCBs) originating from satellites and receivers destroy the integer nature of PPP carrier phase ambiguities. To achieve integer ambiguity resolution of PPP, FCBs of satellites are required. In former work, least squares methods are commonly adopted to isolate FCBs from a network of reference stations. However, it can be extremely time consuming concerning the large number of observations from hundreds of stations and thousands of epochs. In addition, iterations are required to deal with the one-cycle inconsistency among FCB measurements. We propose to estimate the FCB based on a Kalman filter. The large number of observations are handled epoch by epoch, which significantly reduces the dimension of the involved matrix and accelerates the computation. In addition, it is also suitable for real-time applications. As for the one-cycle inconsistency, a pre-elimination method is developed to avoid iterations and posterior adjustments. A globally distributed network consisting of about 200 IGS stations is selected to determine the GPS satellite FCBs. Observations recorded from DoY 52 to 61 in 2016 are processed to verify the proposed approach. The RMS of wide lane (WL) posterior residuals is 0.09 cycles while that of the narrow lane (NL) is about 0.05 cycles, which indicates a good internal accuracy. The estimated WL FCBs also have a good consistency with existing WL FCB products (e.g., CNES-GRG, WHU-SGG). The RMS of differences with respect to GRG and SGG products are 0.03 and 0.05 cycles. For satellite NL FCB estimates, 97.9% of the differences with respect to SGG products are within ±?0.1 cycles. The RMS of the difference is 0.05 cycles. These results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.  相似文献   

贵州松桃高地特大型富锰矿床主要地质特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

袁良军  周琦  姚希财  谢小峰  杜远生  张遂  潘文  谢兴友  王萍  徐源 《贵州地质》2018,35(4):314-318

位于贵州铜仁松桃国家锰矿整装勘查区内的高地富锰矿床,(332)+(333)类碳酸锰富锰矿石资源量达7 166. 84万吨,锰平均品位25. 75%,矿体平均厚度4. 52 m,富锰矿体赋存于总资源量达1. 61亿吨的高地超大型锰矿床之中,由一个单一的富锰矿体构成,是我国新发现的首个特大型富锰矿床,富锰矿资源量相当于我国富锰矿资源量总和的2倍。成因类型属古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床,富锰矿产于古天然气渗漏沉积成矿系统中心相区。高地富锰矿床地处独特的"新月形"南华纪早期李家湾-高地-道坨(Ⅳ级)地堑盆地中心,菱锰矿体中均出现以块状构造夹被沥青充填的气泡状富菱锰矿石。地表燕山期北北东向的断裂构造十分发育,但主要为上陡下缓犁式正断层,未触及高地深部隐伏巨型锰矿体,以致富锰矿体保存亦十分完整,易于开发利用。  相似文献   

贵州松桃大屋锰矿床主要地质特征与找矿预测          下载免费PDF全文

张平壹  张遂  袁良军  张仁彪  余万泽  郑超 《贵州地质》2018,35(4):327-333

松桃大屋锰矿是贵州省地矿局103地质队于上世纪70年代勘查评价的中型锰矿床。锰矿产于南华系大塘坡组第一段黑色岩系底部,矿体呈层状、似层状产出,矿层走向北东约70°,矿体平均厚1. 42 m,平均品位18. 85%。矿区从北西向南东,含锰岩系、锰矿体从无到有。大屋锰矿床只保留了古天然气渗漏沉积成矿系统中的过渡相和边缘相,中心相应在齐公坡一带,但已被剥蚀殆尽。通过构造古地理恢复分析,推测南华纪大屋地堑盆地长大于14 km、宽约4 km,沿北东70°方向展布。预测盆地北东柳树塘、大坳至孟溪一带还具有发现中-大型规模锰矿床的潜力。  相似文献   

黔东及毗邻地区南华纪锰矿成矿期与成矿后构造专项填图方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

谢小峰  周琦  袁良军  张遂  杨炳南  谢兴友  刘健 《贵州地质》2018,35(4):376-382

黔东及毗邻地区南华纪锰矿成矿期构造主要为同沉积断层,该类型断层在成矿期十分发育,控制和形成了南华纪早期不同序次的次级裂谷盆地,同沉积断层的垂向发育形成了锰矿成矿通道,同沉积断层可作为古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床关键地质找矿标志,本文阐述了其主要判别特征。南华纪锰矿形成后,历经加里东运动、印支运动及燕山运动等构造运动,总体来说,该区构造格局主要是受到燕山运动影响形成。本文也讨论了研究区成矿后广泛发育且比较典型,对锰矿层保存与破坏有着较大影响的犁式正断层及其判别特征。  相似文献   

The influence of coupled physical swelling and chemical reactions on deformable geomaterials     

Yue Ma  Xiao‐Hui Chen  Lee J. Hosking  Hai‐Sui Yu  Hywel R. Thomas  Simon Norris 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2021,45(1):64-82

Coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical‐chemical modelling has attracted attention in past decades due to many contemporary geotechnical engineering applications (e.g., waste disposal, carbon capture and storage). However, molecular‐scale interactions within geomaterials (e.g., swelling and dissolution/precipitation) have a significant influence on the mechanical behaviour, yet are rarely incorporated into existing Thermal‐Hydro‐Mechanical‐Chemical (THMC) frameworks. This paper presents a new coupled hydro‐mechanical‐chemical constitutive model to bridge molecular‐scale interactions with macro‐physical deformation by combining the swelling and dissolution/precipitation through an extension of the new mixture‐coupling theory. Entropy analysis of the geomaterial system provides dissipation energy, and Helmholtz free energy gives the relationship between solids and fluids. Numerical simulation is used to compare with the selected recognized models, which demonstrates that the swelling and dissolution/precipitation processes may have a significant influence on the mechanical deformation of the geomaterials.  相似文献   

Estimated reproductive success of brooders and heritability of growth traits for large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) using microsatellites     

���͵�  �����  ��־��  ������  Ҧ���  ���쿭 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(5):990-995

We estimated the reproductive success of adult brood fish and the heritability of growth-related traits for large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). We created two independent full-factorial cross groups (1 and 2) by crossing 4 males×4 females and 4 males×3 females, respectively. We measured the body weight (BW), body length (BL), and body height (BH) of 281 individuals from group 1 and 318 individuals from group 2 at 20 months post hatch (harvest age). We also collected a tissue sample from each individual. The parents and offspring were genotyped using six polymorphic microsatellites. Of the 599 offspring, 99.2% were assigned to a single pair of parents. In both groups, some parent pairs produced a large number of offsprings while other pairs did not produce any offspring. The genetic diversity and putative Ne were lower in the offsprings than in the parents in both groups. The heritability estimates at 20-month age were 0.13±0.10 for BW, 0.19±0.13 for BL, and 0.09±0.06 for BH. The genetic and phenotype correlation between BW, BL, and BH was close to 1. The results provide basic information for selective breeding and further genetic characterization of large yellow croaker.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of carbon budget to historical climate variability and atmospheric CO2 concentration in temperate grassland ecosystems in China     

Xinghua Sui  Guangsheng Zhou  Qianlai Zhuang 《Climatic change》2013,117(1-2):259-272

Chinese temperate grasslands play an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Based on the parameterization and validation of Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM, Version 5.0), we analyzed the carbon budgets of Chinese temperate grasslands and their responses to historical atmospheric CO₂ concentration and climate variability during 1951–2007. The results indicated that Chinese temperate grassland acted as a slight carbon sink with annual mean value of 7.3 T?g C, ranging from -80.5 to 79.6 T?g C yr^-1. Our sensitivity experiments further revealed that precipitation variability was the primary factor for decreasing carbon storage. CO₂ fertilization may increase the carbon storage (1.4 %) but cannot offset the proportion caused by climate variability (-15.3 %). Impacts of CO₂ concentration, temperature and precipitation variability on Chinese temperate grassland cannot be simply explained by the sum of the individual effects. Interactions among them increased total carbon storage of 56.6 T?g C which 14.2 T?g C was stored in vegetation and 42.4 T?g C was stored in soil. Besides, different grassland types had different responses to climate change and CO₂ concentration. NPP and R_H of the desert and forest steppes were more sensitive to precipitation variability than temperature variability while the typical steppe responded to temperature variability more sensitively than the desert and forest steppes.  相似文献